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Crowd Management Research and Development. We completed research
and development on crowd dynamics and the actions that control force
members can take to accomplish their missions while keeping conflict
to a minimum during a variety of crowd situations. Although this research
was funded by the military, the products of the research were also
useful to civilian law enforcement agencies, other "first responders",
and non-governmental organizations (for example, the Red Cross) that
may experience a variety of crowd situations. The research included
a review of historical crowd situations and military and civilian
research, including doctrine and training materials related to those
situations; interviews and focus groups with members of the military
and civilian law enforcement, and of crowd members with experience
in a variety of crowd situations; first-hand observations of crowd
situations around the US; and the coding and analysis of textual and
video records of crowd situations. Results led to the specification
of important crowd dynamics, control-force, and situational variables
related to conflict intensity in a variety of crowd situations; identification
of the cues that experienced control-force members use to diagnose
an ongoing crowd situation; identification of the decisions control-force
members make before and during such situations, and ultimately to
the development of a computer-based training program for control force
members focused on the skills most relevant to working in crowd situations.
(Department of Defense).
Computer-aided intelligence analysis. Developed the Criminal
Network Analysis (CNA) program desktop computers. The program produces
network diagrams and flow charts from fragmented information inputs,
in response to specific analytical requests of users. Developed a
four-day training course (Advanced Intelligence Analysis) to train
investigators and intelligence analysts in the use and application
of the CNA program. (Anacapa Sciences, Inc.)
Department of Labor analytical requirements. Analyzed the organizational
and training requirements of the Office of Inspector General in the
Department of Labor. Provided a plan for incorporating an analytical
investigation function within the office. Suggested a system analysis
effort designed to reduce fraud, abuse, and waste within the Department.
(Department of Labor)
Nuclear weapons security. Identified new developments in physical
security systems for Navy shipboard and shore-based applications.
Identified core technologies and project future system characteristics.
Projected future requirements for security personnel, practices, and
procedures. (Navy Personnel Research and Development Center)
Behavioral model of shipboard physical security. Designed,
constructed, tested, and integrated a computer-based behavioral model
of shipboard physical security; determined useful behavioral variables
and an associated data base; planned and supported validation of the
model. (Mission Research Corporation)
Development of intelligence systems. Developed criminal intelligence
systems for the U.S. Department of Justice (Immigration and Naturalization
Service) and for the U.S. Department of Treasury (Bureau of Alcohol,
Tobacco, and Firearms) under separate contracts with these agencies.
Collected data from field operations, defined information requirements,
estimated resources needed, provided an organizational structure,
prepared an implementation plan, and prepared training curricula and
materials for system implementation.
Critical Thinking Training for Intelligence Analysis. This
project produced the foundation for developing a web-based training
program in critical thinking for intelligence analysis. While in the
last decade or so a number of useful tools have been developed to
aid data collection, evaluation, collation and integration, analysis
remains highly dependent on the cognitive capabilities, specifically
the critical thinking skills, of the human analyst. For this reason,
it is important to understand the inherent capabilities and limitations
of the analyst and, in particular, the cognitive challenges of intelligence
analysis that must be overcome through training in critical thinking
skills. Our experience in training intelligence analysis skills suggested
that the principal challenges are complexity, bias, uncertainty and
domain expertise. In light of the ultimate objective of intelligence
analysis (the development of inferences that can be acted on with
confidence) detailed specifications were developed for a training
program consisting of 12 web modules-a lead-in module that provides
a comprehensive view of critical thinking skills and maps them to
intelligence functions and tasks, and 11 modules that each address
a specific critical thinking skill. (Air Force).
Techniques for investigation and intelligence analysis. Developed
analytic investigation methods applicable to complex organized criminal
activities, and developed and conducted training programs on these
techniques for law enforcement personnel. Training programs consisted
of the one-week Analytical Investigation Methods course and the two-week
Criminal Intelligence Analysis course conducted on a scheduled basis
and under contract. Analysts and investigators from more than 1,500
law enforcement agencies at the federal, state, county, and municipal
levels have now attended these Anacapa training courses. (California
Department of Justice and Anacapa Sciences, Inc.)
Intelligence analysis techniques for Singapore Police. Reviewed
analytical requirements; modified existing courses in criminal intelligence
analysis and advanced (computer-aided) intelligence analysis to meet
the requirements of the department; conducted the modified courses
in Singapore for members of the intelligence, drug enforcement, immigration,
and prison departments. (Republic of Singapore Police)
Training for security managers. Conducted training courses
in analytical investigation methods and advanced (computer-based)
intelligence analysis in Caracas, Venezuela, for corporate security
managers of Petroleos de Venezuela. The courses were conducted by
means of simultaneous English-Spanish translation. (Petroleos de Venezuela)
Fraud indicator analysis training. Developed and conducted
two four-day training courses on techniques for the analysis of fraud
indicators for personnel in the U.S. Department of State responsible
for anti-fraud activities in visas, passports, federal benefits programs,
and malfeasance. (Foreign Service Institute)
Criminal intelligence analysis training for Scotland Yard.
Developed and conducted two two-week training courses in criminal
intelligence analysis for investigators and analysts of the London
Metropolitan Police (Scotland Yard). The course was tailored specifically
to the types of organized criminal activity given the highest priority
by the Special Intelligence Section of Scotland Yard. The courses
were conducted in London. (London Metropolitan Police)
Intelligence management. Developed management techniques for
commanders of law enforcement intelligence units, and conducted a
series of one-week training courses of these techniques for the California
Department of Justice, British Columbia (Canada) Attorney General,
and the Ohio Division of Crime Prevention. The courses covered methods
of target selection, resource allocation, tactical planning, unit
evaluation and personnel motivation. (California Department of Justice)
Computer-aided analysis. Provided support to a New York law
firm in conjunction with a legal action involving the principals of
La Costa resort and Penthouse magazine. Employed computer-aided intelligence
analysis techniques to assess the validity of each of a set of allegations
involving relationships among persons and places. (Phillips, Nizer,
Benjamin, Krim, and Ballon)
Statistical and procedural analysis. Gathered and analyzed
data to illustrate issues concerning the use of alien material witnesses
by the U.S. government in six judicial districts. Prepared graphic
materials to assist a U.S. Attorney in the presentation of the case.
(U.S. Attorney's Office, West Texas District)
Criminal defense support. Analyzed case materials in support
of the defense of a criminal case. Analyzed alleged overt acts; diagrammed
key relationships; charted key events; and provided graphic materials
in support of trial testimony and arguments. (Investigative Research,
Inc.)
Assistance for criminal investigation of double homicide. Analyzed
information and provided link diagrams and event charts for Sheriff's
Department, St. Charles County, Missouri, to support the investigation
of a double homicide. Diagrammed key relationships and associations,
and provided annotated event charts for both murders. (St. Charles,
Missouri)
Defense against civil litigation. Analyzed information and
provided event charting to support the defense of a police department
against a civil suit for false arrest and imprisonment of the Harlem
Globetrotters. (Santa Barbara Police Department)
Litigation control room. Designed a control room to be used
by company executives to manage a complex litigation. Conducted data
collection, archival research, and statistical analysis of case information.
Developed graphic displays and display architecture. (Northrop Corporation)
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